Q: What are the different components available in Selenium?

Selenium IDE , a Firefox add-on that you can only use in creating relatively simple test cases and test suites. Selenium Remote Control , also known as Selenium 1, which is the first Selenium tool that allowed users to use programming languages in creating complex tests. WebDriver , the newer breakthrough that allows your test scripts to communicate directly to the browser, thereby controlling it from the OS level. Selenium Grid is also a tool that is used with Selenium RC to execute parallel tests across different browsers and operating systems.

Question 1

Exception Handling in Selenium

admin · Accepted Answer

Exceptions are faults or disruptions that occur during the execution of a program/application. Exception handling is crucial for maintaining the natural or normal flow of the application. Selenium exceptions can be broadly categorized into two types: Checked and Unchecked
Exceptions.
Checked exceptions are handled during the coding process itself. Unchecked exceptions occur during run-time and can have a much greater impact on the application flow. We have compiled some of the most common selenium exceptions along with the various ways to
handle them.

Most Common Selenium Exceptions

NoSuchWindowException
NoSuchFrameException
NoSuchElementException
NoAlertPresentException
InvalidSelectorException
TimeoutException
ElementNotVisibleException
ElementNotSelectableException
NoSuchSessionException
StaleElementReferenceException

Question 2

What is Selenium?

admin · Accepted Answer

Selenium is an open source umbrella project for a range of tools and libraries aimed at supporting browser automation. It provides a playback tool for authoring functional tests across most modern web browsers, without the need to learn a test scripting language.

Question 3

Why do we need Selenium?

admin · Accepted Answer

Most programmers and developers who build website applications and wish to test them every now and then use Selenium. One of the biggest advantages of Selenium, which has made it so popular, is its flexibility. Any individual who creates web programs can use Selenium to test the code and applications. Further, professionals can debug and perform visual regression tests as per the requirements of the website or code.

Question 4

What is Automation Testing?

admin · Accepted Answer

Automation testing is a Software testing method or technique to test any application and compare the actual result with the expected result. This can be achieved by designing test scripts using any relevant automation testing tool. Now a days Automation is vastly used to automate repetitive tasks and other testing tasks which are difficult to perform manually.

Question 5

Why Do We Prefer Automation Testing Instead Of Manual Testing?

admin · Accepted Answer

In manual testing test cases are executed manually without any proper support from relevant tools. However, for automated testing, test cases are executed with the assistance of one or more appropriate tools. Automation Testing is also more reliable as there is less chances of human error. In manual testing we have to run test cases manually every time based on our need, hence it is time consuming. However, in
automation testing once scripts are ready we can run the test cases any number of time with different combination of data with minimal time.

Question 6

What are the different components available in Selenium?

admin · Accepted Answer

Selenium IDE, a Firefox add-on that you can only use in creating relatively simple test cases and test suites.
Selenium Remote Control, also known as Selenium 1, which is the first Selenium tool that allowed users to use programming languages in creating complex tests.
WebDriver, the newer breakthrough that allows your test scripts to communicate directly to the browser, thereby controlling it from the OS level.
Selenium Grid is also a tool that is used with Selenium RC to execute parallel tests across different browsers and operating systems.

Question 7

What is the main advantage of Selenium?

admin · Accepted Answer

Selenium is open source and free software and hence there is no licensing cost for its usage.
Scripting can be done in most of the widely used programming languages like Java, C#, Ruby, Perl, PHP and Python
Automation using selenium can be done in many OS platform like MS Windows, Macintosh and Linux
It supports most of the popular browsers like Chrome, FireFox, Internet Explorer, Opera and Safari.
Selenium Grid helps in parallel and distributed testing
It uses less Hardware resources

Question 8

What are the main disadvantages of Selenium?

admin · Accepted Answer

Selenium does not provide desktop application automation support.
Web Services - REST or SOAP cannot be automated using selenium.
Selenium WebDriver requires programming language requirement for script creation.
No vendor support for tool compared to commercial tools like HP UFT
As there is no object repository concept in Selenium, maintainability of objects becomes difficult
For performing common tasks required in automation like logging, reading-writing to external files we have to rely on external libraries

Question 9

What is the main advantage of Selenium WebDriver?

admin · Accepted Answer

Faster than other tools of Selenium suite (IDE, RC)
Control the browser by programming
Supports Data driven Testing and Cross browser testing
Supports Parallel test execution with the help of either JUnit or TestNG

Question 10

What is locator?

admin · Accepted Answer

The locator can be termed as an address that identifies a web element uniquely within the webpage. Locators are the HTML properties of a web element.

Question 11

What are the Element Locators are available for Browser?

admin · Accepted Answer

ID – driver.findElement(By.id("IdName"))
Name – driver.findElement(By.name("Name"))
Class Name – driver.findElement(By.className("Element Class"))
Tag Name – driver.findElement(By.tagName("HTML Tag Name"))
Link Text – driver.findElement(By.linkText("LinkText"))
Partial Link Text – driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("partialLinkText"))
CSS Selector – driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(“value”))
XPath – driver.findElement(By.xpath("XPath"))

driver – Object/Instance of WebDriver
findElement – WebDriver method
By – Pre-defined Class in Selenium
id – Element locater/attribute
IdName – Locator value

Question 12

What are the common expression is associated with Xpath?

admin · Accepted Answer

Basic Xpath - XPath expression select nodes or list of nodes on the basis of attributes like ID , Name, Classname, etc. from the XML document.
Contains() - Contains() is a method used in XPath expression. It is used when the value of any attribute changes dynamically.
Using OR & AND - In OR expression, two conditions are used, whether 1st condition OR 2nd condition should be true. It is also applicable if any one condition is true or maybe both. Means any one condition should be true to find the element.
Starts-with() - It is used to identify an element, when we are familiar with the attributes value (starting with the specified text) of an element
Text() - This mechanism is used to locate an element based on the text available on a webpage.
Following - By using this we could select everything on the web page after the closing tag of the current node.
Ancestor - The ancestor axis selects all ancestors element (grandparent, parent, etc.) of the current node.
Child - Selects all children elements of the current node.
Preceding - Selects all nodes that appear before the current node in the document, except ancestors, attribute nodes and namespace nodes.
Following-sibling - Select the following siblings of the context node. Siblings are at the same level of the current node.
Parent - Selects the parent of the current node.
position() - Selects the element out of all input element present depending on the position number provided

Question 13

What are basic Xpath Symbol available in Selenium WebDriver?

admin · Accepted Answer

Xpath Symbols
//tagname[@attribute-name=’value1′]
//*[@attribute-name=’value1′]

Xpath Generation using different other methods
Xpath=//*[contains(@type,'sub')]
Xpath=//*[@type='submit' OR @name='btnReset']
Xpath=//input[@type='submit' and @name='btnLogin']
Xpath=//label[starts-with(@id,'message')]
Xpath=//td[text()=‘textname']
Xpath=//*[@type='text']//following::input
Xpath=//*[text()=‘textvalue']//ancestor::div
Xpath=//*[@id=‘idname']/child::li
Xpath=//*[@type=‘typename']//preceding::input
Xpath=//*[@type=' typename ']//following-sibling::input
Xpath=//*[@id=' idname']//parent::div

Question 14

What is Relative and Absolute Xpath?

admin · Accepted Answer

Absolute Xpath: It uses Complete path from the Root Element to the desire element.
Example: /HTML/body/div/div[@id=’Email’]

Relative Xpath: You can simply start by referencing the element you want and go from there. Always Relative Xpaths are preferred as they are not the complete paths from the Root element. … So Always use Relative Xpaths in your Automation.
Example: //span[@class=’Email’]

Question 15

What is the difference between “/” and “//” in XPath?

admin · Accepted Answer

/ -> Selects from the root node
// ->Selects nodes in the document from the current node that match the selection no matter where they are

Question 16

What are basic CSS Selector Symbol available in Selenium WebDriver?

admin · Accepted Answer

CSS can be generated using different methods:
css=<#>
css=<.>
css=<[attribute=Value of attribute]>; 
Example: input[type=submit]
css=tag.class[attribute=value]

Starts with (^): css=<[attribute^=prefix of the string]>
End with (^): css=<[attribute$=suffix of the string]>
Contains (*): css=<[attribute*=sub string]>

Example: css=input[id*='id']

Using Multiple Symbols: 
css = tagname[attribute1='value1'][attribute2='value2']

Question 17

How you can use “submit” a form using Selenium ?

admin · Accepted Answer

You can use “submit” method on element to submit a form after all mandatory information filled.
Example: element.submit();

Question 18

What is the difference between find elements() and find element()?

admin · Accepted Answer

find element(): It finds the first element within the current page using the given “locating mechanism”. It returns a single WebElement. It is the responsibility of developers and testers to make sure that web elements are uniquely identifiable using certain properties such as ID or name.
Syntax: WebElement userid = driver.findElement(By.id("Id Value"));

findElements() : Using the given “locating mechanism” it will find all the elements within the current page. It returns a list of web elements. It returns an empty list if there are no elements found using the given locator strategy and locator value.
Syntax: List elementName = driver.findElements(By.LocatorStrategy("LocatorValue"));

Question 19

What is the difference between type keys and type commands ?

admin · Accepted Answer

TypeKeys() will trigger JavaScript event in most of the cases whereas .type() won’t. Type key populates the value attribute using JavaScript whereas .typekeys() emulates like actual user typing

Question 20

What is the difference between verify and assert commands?

admin · Accepted Answer

Assert: Assert allows to check whether an element is on the page or not. The test will stop on the step failed, if the asserted element is not available. In other words, the test will terminated at the point where check fails.
Verify: Verify command will check whether the element is on the page, if it is not then the test will carry on executing. In verification, all the commands are going to run guaranteed even if any of test

Question 21

While using click command can you use screen coordinate?

admin · Accepted Answer

To click on specific part of element, you would need to use clickAT command. ClickAt command accepts element locator and x, y co-ordinates as arguments- clickAt (locator, cordString)

Question 22

How to press ENTER key on text box In Selenium WebDriver?

admin · Accepted Answer

driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpath")).sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);

Question 23

Difference between implicit wait and explicit wait?

admin · Accepted Answer

The Implicit Wait in Selenium is used to tell the web driver to wait for a certain amount of time before it throws a “No Such Element Exception”. The default setting is 0. Once we set the time, the web driver will wait for the element for that time before throwing an exception.

Selenium Web Driver has borrowed the idea of implicit waits from Watir.

Before Selenium 4 -

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
Now we will see this as deprecated @Deprecated WebDriver.Timeouts implicitlyWait(long time, TimeUnit unit);

After Selenium 4 -

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(10));

The Explicit Wait in Selenium is used to tell the Web Driver to wait for certain conditions (Expected Conditions) or maximum time exceeded before throwing “ElementNotVisibleException” exception. It is an intelligent kind of wait, but it can be applied only for specified elements. It gives better options than implicit wait as it waits for dynamically loaded Ajax elements.

Once we declare explicit wait we have to use “ExpectedConditions” or we can configure how frequently we want to check the condition using Fluent Wait. These days while implementing we are using Thread.Sleep() generally it is not recommended to use.

Before Selenium 4 -

//Old syntax
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver,10);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(".classlocator")));

After Selenium 4 -

//Selenium 4 syntax
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver,Duration.ofSeconds(10));
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(".classlocator")));

Question 24

Fluent Wait in Selenium

admin · Accepted Answer

The Fluent Wait in Selenium is used to define maximum time for the web driver to wait for a condition, as well as the frequency with which we want to check the condition before throwing an “ElementNotVisibleException” exception. It checks for the web element at regular intervals until the object is found or timeout happens.

Frequency: Setting up a repeat cycle with the time frame to verify/check the condition at the regular interval of time.


FluentWait wait = new FluentWait(driver);
.withTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.pollingEvery(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class);
WebElement element = wait.until(new Function

Question 25

Difference Between findelement and findelements in Selenium Webdriver

admin · Accepted Answer

findElement () will return only single WebElement and if that element is not located or we use some wrong selector then it will throw NoSuchElement exception.

findElements() - FindElements in Selenium command takes in By object as the parameter and returns a list of web elements. It returns an empty list if there are no elements found using the given locator strategy and locator value.

WebElement demos=driver.findElement(By.xpath(""//*[@id='menu-top']/li[1]/a""));

List links=driver.findElements(By.xpath("".//*[@id='menu-top']/li""));

Question 26

Explain what is Datadriven framework and Keyword driven?

admin · Accepted Answer

Datadriven framework: In this framework, the test data is separated and kept outside the Test Scripts, while test case logic resides in Test Scripts. Test data is read from the external files ( Excel Files) and are loaded into the variables inside the Test Script. Variables are used for both for input values and for verification values.
Keyworddriven framework: The keyword driven frameworks requires the development of data tables and keywords, independent of the test automation. In a keyword driven test, the functionality of the application under test is documented in a table as well as step by step instructions for each test.

Question 27

Handling Authentication Window with WebDriver (In Firefox, Chrome and IE)

admin · Accepted Answer

To work with Basic Authentication pop-up (which is a browser dialogue window), you just need to send the user name and password along with the application URL.

#1 (Chrome & Firefox)
By passing user credentials in URL. Its simple, append your username and password with the URL.

e.g., http://Username:Password@SiteURL

http://rajkumar:myPassword@www.hireqa.co.in

#2 (IE)
First create AutoIt script as below and save it as basicauth.au3

To pass user name and password
WinWaitActive(""Windows Security"")
Send(""admin"")
Send(""{TAB}"")
Send(""admin"")
Send(""{ENTER}"")
--------------------------------------------------
try {
                        Runtime.getRuntime().exec(""E:/basicauth.exe"");
                } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                }

Question 28

What is WebDriverManager?

admin · Accepted Answer

WebDriverManager class in Selenium:

automates the management of WebDriver binaries.
downloads the appropriate driver binaries, if not already present, into the local cache.
downloads the latest version of the browser binary, unless otherwise specified.
Eliminates the need to store driver binaries locally. We also need not maintain various versions of the binary driver files for different browsers.

WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
driver = new ChromeDriver();

Question 29

How to instantiate a specific browser version?

admin · Accepted Answer

ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().driverVersion("85.0.4183.38").setup();
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().browserVersion("83.0.4103").setup();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);

Question 30

How to instantiate a platform version (x32 or x64) using?

admin · Accepted Answer

"WebDriverManager.chromedriver().architecture(io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.Architecture.X32).setup();

Alternatively, we can also use arch32() or arch64() methods to specify binary types.

chromedriver().arch32().setup();
chromedriver().arch64().setup();"

Question 31

How to set a proxy username and password?

admin · Accepted Answer

If your organization has a proxy server, you need to specify proxy server details like server name or IP address, username, and password to the WebDriverManager. Otherwise, it may raise/ cause errors like io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManagerException: java.net.UnknownHostException: chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com.

WebDriverManager.chromedriver()
                 .version(“83.0.0”)
                 .arch32()
                 .proxy(“proxyhostname:80”)
                 .proxyUser(“username”)
                 .proxyPass(“password”)
.setup();

WebDriverManager.chromedriver()
                 .version("83.0.0")
                 .arch32()
                 .proxy("proxyhostname:80")
                 .proxyUser("username")
                 .proxyPass("password")
.setup();

Question 32

What is a Proxy?

admin · Accepted Answer

A proxy acts as an intermediary between clients sending requests and server responding. The primary use of a proxy is to maintain privacy and encapsulation between multiple interactive systems.

A proxy can also add another layer of security on the web by acting as a firewall between Client and web servers. This is especially used when the websites that clients use have to be labeled as allowed or blocked based on the website content.

Question 33

Handle Proxy Authentication using Alerts

admin · Accepted Answer

package HireQADemo;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class AlertsDemo {
    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
        System.setProperty(""webdriver.chrome.driver"", ""D:\Data_Personal\Software\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe"");;
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get(""http://hireqa.co.in/test/basic_auth.php"");
        // Handling Username alert
        driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys(""HireQA"");
        driver.switchTo().alert().accept();
        // Handling Password alert
        driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys(""HireQA"");
        driver.switchTo().alert().accept();
    }
}

Question 34

What is Session ID in Selenium?

admin · Accepted Answer

In Selenium Webdriver Session ID is a unique number that is assigned to your web driver by server . Webdriver uses this session Id to interact with browser launched by them. So a browser window (eg Chrome) launched by a specific driver (chrome driver) will have a unique sessionId.

Question 35

How to Clean Project in Eclipse

admin · Accepted Answer

Since Eclipse is freeware tool so sometime it does not work as per your requirement and some point still point to old location in this case we can clean our project
When you face any inconsistency with Eclipse then clean your project or restart eclipse.
Step 1- Open Eclipse and Click on Project and Click on Clean
Step 2- Now you will get two options- You can select based on your choice
Clean all projects- This will clean the entire project on project explorer

Question 36

Change font size and color in Eclipse.

admin · Accepted Answer

1- Open Eclipse > Click on Window > Click on Preferences.
2- Click on General > Click on Appearance > Click on Color and Fonts > in right side Click on Basic.
3- Once you click on Basics > Now Select Text font and Click on Edit button.

Question 37

What is the exception if the chrome driver path not spectified?

admin · Accepted Answer

java.lang.IllegalStateException: The path to the driver executable must be set by the webdriver.chrome.driver system property;

Question 38

Sample Program for Launch Chrome Browser using Selenium Webdriver

admin · Accepted Answer

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path of the exe file\chromedriver.exe");
// Initialize browser
WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();

Question 39

What is Gecko Driver?

admin · Accepted Answer

The term Gecko stands for a Web Browser engine that is inbuilt within Mozilla Firefox browser. Gecko driver acts as a proxy between Web Driver enabled clients(Eclipse, Netbeans, etc.) and Mozilla Firefox browser. In short, Gecko driver acts as a link between Selenium Web Driver tests and Mozilla Firefox browser.

Selenium uses W3C Webdriver protocol to send requests to GeckoDriver, which translates them into a protocol named Marionette. Firefox will understand the commands transmitted in the form of Marionette protocol and executes them.

System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", driverPath);
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();
capabilities.setCapability("marionette",true);
driver= new FirefoxDriver(capabilities);

or
FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions();
options.setLegacy(true);

Question 40

What is WebDriver?

admin · Accepted Answer

1 :- WebDriver is an Interface(interface have only function prototype) in which by default all the method (public ,static)has to declared.
2:- WebDriver handles all activity which is related to Browser.

Question 41

What is FirefoxDriver()?

admin · Accepted Answer

FireFoxDriver is a Class who has implemented all the method of WebDriver Interface.

Question 42

What is SearchContext?

admin · Accepted Answer

1. SearchContext is the super most interface in selenium, which is extended by another interface called WebDriver.
2. All the abstract methods of SearchContext and WebDriver interfaces are implemented in RemoteWebDriver class.
3. All the browser related classes such as FirefoxDriver, ChromeDriver etc., extends the RemoteWebdriver class.
4. All the abstract methods of both the interfaces are implemented in RemoteWebDriver class which is extended by browser classes such as Firefox Driver, Chrome Driver etc.

Question 43

why can’t we use the following statement.
WebDriver driver = new WebDriver();

admin · Accepted Answer

We cannot write our code like this because we cannot create Object of an Interface. WebDriver is an interface.

Question 44

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

admin · Accepted Answer

WebDriver is an interface and all the methods which are declared in Webdriver interface are implemented by respective driver class.
But if we do upcasting,we can run the scripts in any browser .i.e running the same automation scripts in different browsers to achieve Runtime Polymorphism.

WebDriver is an interface, driver is a reference variable, FirefoxDriver() is a Constructor, new is a keyword, and new FirefoxDriver() is an Object.

Question 45

Difference between WebDriver and RemoteWebDriver?

admin · Accepted Answer

Selenium Remote Webdriver: It is an class that is used to execute the browser automation and to execute assessments in a distributed environment or on a remote computing device. In other words, It is a class that implements the WebDriver interface and this action is performed on the remote server. There are different driver classes for a browser such as ChromeDriver, FirefoxDriver, etc.
Selenium Webdriver: It helps you to interact with browsers directly with the help of some automation scripts which includes a starting point, various variables with their binding values, and the source code. It is used to give support to various platforms, and its execution is little faster as compared to that of Selenium IDE or RC. It provides multiple client libraries which can be used in different programming languages like Python, C, Java, etc. which is used to build automation for the Selenium test.

Question 46

Symbol used while writing CSS selector in Selenium Webdriver:

admin · Accepted Answer

Using id - #
Using class name - .
Using attribute - tagname[attribute='value']
Using multiple attribute - tagname[attribute1='value'][attribute2='value']
Contains - * - tagname[attribute*='value']
Starts with - ^ - tagname[attribute^='value']
Ends with - $ - tagname[attribute$='value']

Question 47

Dynamic XPath for dynamic attributes and values of an element

admin · Accepted Answer

XPath starts-with() is a function used for finding the web element whose attribute value gets changed on refresh or by other dynamic operations on the webpage. In this method, the starting text of the attribute is matched to find the element whose attribute value changes dynamically.

Xpath=//label[starts-with(@id,'message')]

The XPath text() function is a built-in function of selenium webdriver which is used to locate elements based on text of a web element. It helps to find the exact text elements and it locates the elements within the set of text nodes.

Xpath=//td[text()='UserID']

XPath Contains() is a method which is used to find the value of those attribute which changes dynamically. For example, login information.

XPath=//tagname[contains(@attribute, 'value')]

XPath ends-with() method checks the ending text of an attribute and finds elements whose attribute changes dynamically on refresh. It has the following syntax as follows:

XPath= //tagname[ends-with(@attribute, 'value')]

Question 48

How to clear the text in the text box using Selenium WebDriver?

admin · Accepted Answer

By using clear() method
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("https://www.gmail.com");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpath_of_element1")).sendKeys("Software Testing Material Website");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpath_of_element1")).clear();

Question 49

To verify the radio buttons and checkboxes enabled, displayed or default selected?

admin · Accepted Answer

isDisplayed()

WebElement radioBtn = driver.findElement (By.id("gender-male"));

radioBtn.isDisplayed // this returns a Boolean value, if it returns true then said radio button is present on the webpage or it returns False.

isEnabled()

radioBtn.isEnabled() // this returns a Boolean value, if it returns true then said radio button is enabled on the webpage or it returns False

isSelected()

radioBtn.isSelected() // this returns a Boolean value, if it returns true then said radio button is selected or it returns False

Question 50

Select values from Dropdown in Selenium webdriver

admin · Accepted Answer

Selenium already provides Select class that has some predefined method which help is a lot while working with Dropdown.

WebElement month_dropdown=driver.findElement(By.id(“month”));
Select month=new Select(month_dropdown);
month.selectByIndex(4);
month.selectByValue(“5”);
month.selectByVisibleText("Aug");

Question 51

Get Selected option from Dropdown.

admin · Accepted Answer

Select month=new Select(month_dropdown);
WebElement first_value=month.getFirstSelectedOption();
String value=first_value.getText();

Question 52

Get All option from dropdown

admin · Accepted Answer

WebElement month_dropdown=driver.findElement(By.id(""month""));
Select month=new Select(month_dropdown);
List dropdown=month.getOptions();
for(int i=0;i

Question 53

How to Handle Bootstrap Dropdown in Selenium WebDriver?

admin · Accepted Answer

The bootstrap dropdown is enhanced part of dropdown where you will deal with UL and LI tag of HTML.

List list = driver.findElementsByXPath(""//ul[@class='dropdown-menu']//li/a"");
// We are using enhanced for loop to get the elements
for (WebElement ele : list)
{
// for every elements it will print the name using innerHTML
System.out.println(""Values "" + ele.getAttribute(""innerHTML""));
// Here we will verify if link (item) is equal to Java Script
if (ele.getAttribute(""innerHTML"").contains(""JavaScript"")) {
// if yes then click on link (iteam)
ele.click();
// break the loop or come out of loop
break;
}

Question 54

Check if dropdown allows multiple selection

admin · Accepted Answer

if(dropdown.isMultiple())
{sysout(""multiple option is allowed"")}

Returns TRUE if the drop-down element allows multiple selections at a time; FALSE if otherwise.

Question 55

Deslect all selected items from the dropdown

admin · Accepted Answer

dropdown.deSelectAll();

Question 56

How to click on a hyperlink using Selenium WebDriver?

admin · Accepted Answer

We use click() method in Selenium to click on the hyperlink
driver.findElement(By.linkText(“Software Testing Material Website”)).click();

Question 57

What happens if I run this command. driver.get(“www.hireqa.co.in”) ;

admin · Accepted Answer

An exception is thrown. We need to pass HTTP protocol within driver.get() method.

Question 58

What is the alternative to driver.get() method to open an URL using Selenium WebDriver?

admin · Accepted Answer

Alternative method to driver.get(“url”) method is driver.navigate.to(“url”)

Question 59

What is the difference between driver.get() and driver.navigate.to(“url”)?

admin · Accepted Answer

driver.get(): To open an URL and it will wait till the whole page gets loaded
driver.navigate.to(): To navigate to an URL and It will not wait till the whole page gets loaded

Question 60

Can I navigate back and forth in a browser in Selenium WebDriver?

admin · Accepted Answer

driver.navigate().forward();
driver.navigate().back();
driver.navigate().refresh();
driver.navigate().to(“url”);

Question 61

Action Class in Selenium

admin · Accepted Answer

Action Class in Selenium is a built-in feature provided by the selenium for handling keyboard and mouse events. It includes various operations such as multiple events clicking by control key, drag and drop events and many more.

clickAndHold() - Clicks (without releasing) at the current mouse location.
contextClick()- Performs a context-click at the current mouse location. (Right Click Mouse Action)
doubleClick() Performs a double-click at the current mouse location.
dragAndDrop(source, target) - Performs click-and-hold at the location of the source element, moves to the location of the target element, then releases the mouse.
dragAndDropBy(source, x-offset, y-offset) - Performs click-and-hold at the location of the source element, moves by a given offset, then releases the mouse.
keyDown(modifier_key) - Performs a modifier key press. Does not release the modifier key - subsequent interactions may assume it's kept pressed.
modifier_key - any of the modifier keys (Keys.ALT, Keys.SHIFT, or Keys.CONTROL)
keyUp(modifier _key) - Performs a key release.
moveByOffset(x-offset, y-offset) - Moves the mouse from its current position (or 0,0) by the given offset.
moveToElement(toElement) - Moves the mouse to the middle of the element.
release() - Releases the depressed left mouse button at the current mouse location
sendKeys(onElement, charsequence) - Sends a series of keystrokes onto the element.

Question 62

How to mouse hover on a web element using WebDriver?

admin · Accepted Answer

WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpath"));
//Create object 'action' of an Actions class
Actions action = new Actions(driver);
//Mouseover on an element
action.moveToElement(ele).perform();

Question 63

Building a Series of Multiple Actions

admin · Accepted Answer

Actions builder = new Actions(driver);
Action seriesOfActions = builder
	.moveToElement(txtUsername)
	.click()
	.keyDown(txtUsername, Keys.SHIFT)
	.sendKeys(txtUsername, ""hello"")
	.keyUp(txtUsername, Keys.SHIFT)
	.doubleClick(txtUsername)
	.contextClick()
	.build();
	
seriesOfActions.perform() ;

Question 64

How to moveoffset in Selenium?

admin · Accepted Answer

Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.clickAndHold(slider).moveByOffset(50,0).release();

Exception Handling in Selenium

What is Selenium?

Why do we need Selenium?

What is Automation Testing?

Why Do We Prefer Automation Testing Instead Of Manual Testing?

What are the different components available in Selenium?

What is the main advantage of Selenium?

What are the main disadvantages of Selenium?

What is the main advantage of Selenium WebDriver?

What is locator?

What are the Element Locators are available for Browser?

What are the common expression is associated with Xpath?

What are basic Xpath Symbol available in Selenium WebDriver?

What is Relative and Absolute Xpath?

What is the difference between “/” and “//” in XPath?

What are basic CSS Selector Symbol available in Selenium WebDriver?

How you can use “submit” a form using Selenium ?

What is the difference between find elements() and find element()?

What is the difference between type keys and type commands ?

What is the difference between verify and assert commands?

While using click command can you use screen coordinate?

How to press ENTER key on text box In Selenium WebDriver?

Difference between implicit wait and explicit wait?

Fluent Wait in Selenium

Difference Between findelement and findelements in Selenium Webdriver

Explain what is Datadriven framework and Keyword driven?

Handling Authentication Window with WebDriver (In Firefox, Chrome and IE)

What is WebDriverManager?

How to instantiate a specific browser version?

How to instantiate a platform version (x32 or x64) using?

How to set a proxy username and password?

What is a Proxy?

Handle Proxy Authentication using Alerts

What is Session ID in Selenium?

How to Clean Project in Eclipse

Change font size and color in Eclipse.

What is the exception if the chrome driver path not spectified?

Sample Program for Launch Chrome Browser using Selenium Webdriver

What is Gecko Driver?

What is WebDriver?

What is FirefoxDriver()?

What is SearchContext?

why can’t we use the following statement.WebDriver driver = new WebDriver();

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

Difference between WebDriver and RemoteWebDriver?

Symbol used while writing CSS selector in Selenium Webdriver:

Dynamic XPath for dynamic attributes and values of an element

How to clear the text in the text box using Selenium WebDriver?

To verify the radio buttons and checkboxes enabled, displayed or default selected?

Select values from Dropdown in Selenium webdriver

Get Selected option from Dropdown.

Get All option from dropdown

How to Handle Bootstrap Dropdown in Selenium WebDriver?

Check if dropdown allows multiple selection

Deslect all selected items from the dropdown

How to click on a hyperlink using Selenium WebDriver?

What happens if I run this command. driver.get(“www.hireqa.co.in”) ;

What is the alternative to driver.get() method to open an URL using Selenium WebDriver?

What is the difference between driver.get() and driver.navigate.to(“url”)?

Can I navigate back and forth in a browser in Selenium WebDriver?

Action Class in Selenium

How to mouse hover on a web element using WebDriver?

Building a Series of Multiple Actions

How to moveoffset in Selenium?

Mouse Hover, Right click, Double click, Click and Hold, Keyboard activities and so on

How do you perform drag and drop using selenium?

How to get Tooltip Text in Selenium Webdriver?

How to handle alert in Selenium Webdriver

How to handle iframes in Selenium WebDriver?

Handle Multiple Windows in Selenium Webdriver in Simple ways

How to handle dynamic web table using selenium webDriver?

Get all the Values in a Column of Dynamic Table using Selenium WebDriver

Why do we need Desired Capabilities?

What is the difference between ChromeOptions and DesiredCapabilities?

How to Find Broken Links Using Selenium Webdriver?

Why do we need Session Handling?

Handling Authentication Window with WebDriver (In Firefox, Chrome and IE)

Read data from Excel file using Selenium WebDriver

Write data on Excel file

How to read properties file?

why can’t we use the following statement.
WebDriver driver = new WebDriver();

What is difference between get() and navigate().to() in
Selenium?